京剧文化之旅 |精炼而生动融入大众日常生活的京剧行业术语

Tour of Peking Opera | Peking Opera Jargons in Daily Life

“京剧文化之旅”是北京市文化和旅游局所属北京市海外文化交流中心于2020年徽班进京二百三十周年之际策划的品牌项目。作为《北京市“十四五”时期文化和旅游发展规划》重点项目，旨在促进京剧全业态的规划和发展，实现京剧振兴与发展的目标，助力打造“大戏看北京”文化名片。项目自策划以来已陆续开展了“大戏看北京——京剧文化之旅特展”、“京剧文化之旅·骑行之美”等丰富多样的主题活动。

“Culture Tour of Beijing Opera” is a flagship program launched by Beijing Overseas Cultural Exchanges Center in 2020 to honor the 230th anniversary of the Anhui troupes entering Beijing. As a cultural tourism program, it perfectly combines Beijing Opera and the six key elements of tourism – catering, accommodation, transport, sightseeing, shopping, and entertainment, with an aim to boost the revival and development of Beijing Opera and create a“golden insignia” for Beijing. Since its inception, the program has organized a variety of colorful events such as“Enjoying Beijing in Traditional Opera – A Special Exhibition of Beijing Opera Culture” and“A Bicycling Trip to Experience the Beauty of Beijing Opera”. 

通过线下与线上文化体验，“京剧文化之旅”为京剧爱好者们带来精彩不停的京剧文化盛宴，今天就让我们一起来了解京剧特有的行业术语吧~

Through various activities such as enjoying Beijing Opera performances, exploring secrets of Beijing Opera costumes, experiencing the beauty of Beijing Opera via a bicycle trip, and participating in parent-child interactive games, participants can comprehensively experience the unique charm of Beijing Opera, a national treasure of China. Such online and offline activities present one and another cultural feasts for Beijing Opera fans. 

京剧行业术语是体现京剧表演体系中的一切特有事物或活动的一套用语，它是京剧从业人员及京剧爱好者所使用的一种社会方言。

Peking Opera jargons refer to all unique terms and expressions in the performance system of Peking Opera, which is a kind of social“dialect” used by practitioners and amateurs in the profession of Peking Opera. 

但京剧作为中国的国粹，戏迷众多，影响深远，属于京剧特有的行业术语也慢慢渗透到了大众的日常生活中，被大家广泛使用。

来看看这些京剧的行业术语，你是否在生活中经常用得到？

As a national treasure of China, Peking Opera has amassed numerous fans and exerted far-reaching influence. Therefore, some jargons formerly unique to Peking Opera became widely used in daily life. 

Let’s check whether you can use those Peking Opera jargons in daily life.

【洒狗血】

Sa Gou Xue (literally“spray dog blood”, meaning“overacting”)

为了呈现最好的舞台效果，京剧演员脱离戏的规定情景，不顾人物形象，以过火的表演，故意把“戏”强化、渲染，来迎合一部分观众的欣赏趣味，这种表演被称为“洒狗血”。

To create a more dramatic effect, some Peking Opera performers purposely overdo in acting, without consideration of plot rationality and characterization, just to cater to the taste of some audiences. This is called“Sa Gou Xue”, meaning“overacting”. 

【救场】

Jiu Chang (meaning“step in for the rescue”)

是指在演出中突然出现失误时，同台的有关人员及时采取相应措施，予以补救，使演出能继续进行。

If a performer makes mistakes on the stage, other performers take immediate actions to remedy, so that the performance could continue.

【本钱】

Ben Qian (meaning“natural endowments”)

指京剧演员天生的个人条件，主要是指演员的嗓音条件。

In Peking Opera, it means the personal quality of a performer, especially his or her voice. 

【绝活】

Jue Huo (meaning“unique technique”)

通常指属于独家所创，他人皆不能的各种技巧，也可以指难度较大的武功技巧。

It usually refers to a person’s unique techniques that no one else can do. Sometimes it refers to acrobatic stunts with high difficulty. 

【票友】

Piao You (meaning“amateur performers”)

原指非职业性的京剧演员和乐师，后来把不取报酬的业余演员称为“票友”。在现在一指业余的戏曲演员，二指专业级的爱好者。

It originally refers to performers and musicians who didn’t completely make living on Peking Opera performances. Later, unpaid part-time performers were called“Piao You”. Today, it refers to amateur performers or professional fans. 

【台上见】

Tai Shang Jian (literally“see you on the stage”, meaning“let’s have a competition”)

一指两个演员初次合演，一方提出对戏，另一方觉得此乃熟戏，不需要用过多时间排练，直接演出就可；二指一方对另一方不服气，欲在台上一见高低，也常说“咱们台上见”。日常生活中多用第二个意思。

It contains two layers of meanings in Peking Opera: one is when a performer wants to rehearse with another performer, but the latter is so confident that they can directly perform on the stage, without the need of rehearsal; the other means two performers have a competition on the stage. When the phrase is used in daily life, it usually means the second. 

【压轴】

Ya Zhou (literally“just before the climax”)

指一场折子戏演出的倒数第二个剧目,由于紧压大轴而得名。现在京剧内部还保留原有意思，生活中则常指最后出现。

It refers to the second last act of a play, which is just before the climax of the entire play. Today, Peking Opera still uses the term as it originally means, but in daily life,“Ya Zhou” means the last part or climax of a process. 

【下海】

Xia Hai (literally“jump into the sea”)

“下海”指的是业余戏曲演员转为职业演员。现在泛指放弃原来的工作转而经营商业。

In Peking Opera,“Xia Hai” means an amateur performer turning into a professional performer. In daily life, it means people giving up their original jobs to start their own business. 

【噱头】

Xue Tou (meaning“gimmick”)

指演员为营造剧场气氛，活跃观众而临场发挥的即兴表演。运用恰当，能收到很好的效果；运用不当，或脱离剧情和人物哗众取宠，就只能使观众感到厌烦。现在提到“噱头”，多意味“花招”“猫腻”。

In Peking Opera, it refers to performers’ improvisation to warm up the theater and attract the audience’s attention. If this trick is properly used based on plots and characterization, it can create satisfying effects, but if not, it can only make the audience annoying. In daily life,“Xue Tou” means gimmick. 

【捧角】

Peng Jue (meaning“support the performer”)

亦称摔角，指通过包购戏票、哄堂喝彩、撰文揄扬等手段，造成声势，以达到抬高某演员或剧团身价地位的目的。如今，除了指特意到剧场去为演员的演出喝彩，还指为别人的活动吹噓。

Also called“Shuai Jue”, it means a manipulation to promote a performer or theater by means of booking the whole theater, cheering for the performer, and writing articles to praise them. Today, in addition to“support the performer”, it also means boosting up others’ activities. 

还有许多日常你常见或常用的词皆出自于京剧梨园，像是一些俏皮话或戏谑话，如“宝贝儿”“德性”；或是一些挖苦人的损话，如“羊毛”“假溜”等等。

看了这么多眼熟的词，也给大家来点有悬念的，一起来猜一猜下面这两个京剧行业术语，哪一个是褒义的？哪一个是贬义的？

There are also many other commonly used phrases and expressions originating from Peking Opera, for instance, witticisms like“Bao Bei Er” (meaning“dear”) and“De Xing” (meaning“unpleasant look”) and sarcastic and ironic expressions like“Yang Mao” (meaning“lay or unprofessional”) and“Jia Liu” (meaning“fake”). 

In addition to the above commonly used phrases, there are also some less used. Let’s guess what the following two Peking Opera jargons mean? Which is a commendatory term? Which is a derogatory term?

一道汤

Yi Dao Tang 

点击空白处查看答案

Click the blank area to find the answer 

指京剧演员缺乏独特性的表演。在不同戏中演不同角色的表演互相雷同，致使角色形象不明显，千人一面，给观众的审美感受也是机械呆板，没有味道；也指演员的演唱缺乏抑扬顿挫。这种没有特色的表演，好像是用一种汤料烹制不同菜肴，原料虽然不同，而做出的菜却变成一个味道，因而用一道汤来比喻。

In Peking Opera,“Yi Dao Tang” (literally“the same soup”) means a performer performing different characters in different plays in the same way, making all the characters look familiar, so that his or her performance is stiff, boring and tasteless for the audience; It also refers to a performer’s singing having no dynamics. Such performances are like cooking different dishes with the same soup. Though the ingredients are different, all the dishes taste the same, hence the name“Yi Dao Tang”.

一棵菜

Yi Ke Cai

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Click the blank area to find the answer 

指舞台演出是一个完整的艺术整体。演员、乐队、舞台工作人员都为搞好舞台演出这一共同目的而互相紧密配合，协调一致，谓之一棵菜。主要角色与次要角色之间配合默契，使整个演出无懈可击，也叫作一棵菜。

“Yi Ke Cai” (literally“the same vegetable”) refers to stage performance is an artistic entirety. Performers, the band, and stagehands collaborate each other in unity to present a wonderful performance, which can be called“Yi Ke Cai”. The leading roles and supporting roles working together to present a perfect performance can also be called“Yi Ke Cai”.