北京胡同|帽儿胡同：暗藏诸多名人故居的“富贵区”

北京胡同|帽儿胡同：暗藏诸多名人故居的“富贵区”

Mao’er Hutong: A Place with Many Celebrities and Stories

帽儿胡同

Mao’er Hutong

帽儿胡同位于北京老城区鼓楼和地安门之间，是北京十大胡同之一，呈东西走向。帽儿胡同东连南锣鼓巷，西接北京的龙脉地安门中轴线，全长共585米，宽7米。其两端与繁华热闹的大街相接，与其他胡同截然不同，这使得帽儿胡同熙熙攘攘、车流不息、热闹非凡。明朝时期（1368-1644），称其为梓潼庙文昌宫。清朝时，民间有许多制帽作坊，故又称其为帽儿胡同。

Mao’er Hutong, located between Gulou and Di’anmen, is one of the ten most famous alleys in old Beijing. With a width of seven meters, it extends 585 meters westwards from Nanluoguxiang to Di’anmen at the central axis of Beijing. Unlike other lanes and alleys, Mao’er Hutong connects two bustling streets. For this reason, it is always packed with vehicles and pedestrians. In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the place was known for Wenchang Palace of Zitong Temple. During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), many cap workshops were established here, hence its name Mao’er Hutong (literally“Lane of Caps”). 

如今，胡同两边都建有住宅和商铺，还有少部分的历史遗址，老百姓们偶尔会站在这胡同上，闲谈着那久远的京城故事。

Nowadays, the alley is lined with residences and shops as well as many historical sites. Sometimes local residents are found chat in the alley to recount stories of old Beijing. 

文煜宅：五进院落的大型四合院

帽儿胡同7-13号

Former Residence of Wen Yu: A Large Siheyuan with Five Courtyards 

No.7-13 Mao’er Hutong  

文煜宅，是一处由五座院落并联而成的大宅第，采用四合院式的建筑设计，即房屋中间设一个中心庭院，四面建有房屋。宅园中共有五座院落，占地面积共11000平方米。院落间彼此相连，共同构成了这座宏敞的显宦豪宅。

The former residence of Wen Yu is mansion comprised of five interconnected courtyards a siheyuan style (with a yard in the middle and buildings on four sides). The magnificent mansion covers a land area of 11,000 square meters. 

据清史稿记载，清朝官员文煜，为官期间担任多个要职，积累了大量的财富，部分钱财也用于精心修筑了自己的住宅和花园。园中石碑记载：“凡一花一木之栽培，一亭一榭之位置，皆着意经营，非复寻常。”说明了其宅院规模广阔，布局谨严，山池亭榭俱全。

According to the Draft History of the Qing, its former owner Wen Yu was a high-ranking official who took many important posts and amassed huge wealth. He spent lots of money building his residence and garden. A stone stele in the garden reads:“Every flower or tree was carefully planted, and every pavilion or and tower was exquisitely designed, making the mansion an extraordinary architectural masterpiece.” Indeed, the spacious mansion boasts a compact layout and plentiful rockeries, ponds and pavilions. 

此宅先后为不同历史时期的高层官僚所居住，因此也集中了京城官宦世家的建筑特点，具有较高的历史研究价值。

The mansion was inhabited by high-ranking officials in different historical periods. Thus, it concentrates architectural styles of official buildings in old Beijing and is of historical significance. 

可园：京城私家园林代表

帽儿胡同9、11号

Keyuan Garden: A Reprehensive of Private Gardens in Old Beijing

No.9 and No.11 Mao’er Hutong 

据园中石碑记载，该园落成于咸丰十一年（1861年），是清末光绪年间（1871－1908年）大学士文煜的宅第花园。可园可分为前后两院，前院中心为沼池，后院中心为假山。

According to inscriptions on a stone stele in Keyuan Garden, the garden was completed in 1861, the 11th year of Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1871-1908), it became the garden of Grand Scholar Wen Yu’s mansion. The garden consists of two yards. The front yard features a water pond, and the rear yard features rockeries.  

始建时仿苏州拙政园和狮子林，虽然园内面积不大，但古典建筑元素齐全，例如：亭台楼阁、水池假山、游廊小桥等建筑设计。故园主又将其命名为“可园”。

The garden models after the famous Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lion Grove Garden in Suzhou. Despite its limited space, the garden houses a plethora of classical architectural elements, including pavilions, towers, ponds, rockeries, zigzagging corridors, and exquisite bridges. Hence, its former owner named it“Keyuan” (literally, Desirable Garden). 

婉容故居

帽儿胡同37号

Former Residence of Empress Wanrong

No.37 Mao’er Hutong 

婉容旧居，位于帽儿胡同35、37号的旧宅院，是清末代皇帝溥仪的皇后郭布罗·婉容的婚前住所。婉容被册封为“皇后”后，原先的普通住所大加修缮，改造成了“后邸（即，皇后的娘家）”。

The former residence of Empress Wanrong, located at No.35 and No.37 Mao’er Hutong, was where Empress Wanrong dwelled before she married Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty. After Wanrong was named the empress, her former residence was renovated as the“rear mansion” (the empress’ original home). 

东路为三进院落，进大门后有一扇月亮门，过月亮门有一些假山石，可以沿着山石两边的走廊一直通到后院。进西路院子，共四进院落，倒座房七间，西路正房为婉容住所，也是北京市重点保护文物。

Along the east route of the mansion are three courtyards. Passing a moon-shaped doorway behind the front gate, one can see some rockeries. The corridors on both sides lead to the backyard. Along the west route are four courtyards and seven north-facing rooms. The main hall in the west route was the bedroom of Wanrong. The mansion is a key historical site under municipal-level protection in Beijing. 

帽儿胡同名人多，旧迹多，故事也多。虽然经历了历史的变迁，但如今漫步当中，依旧可以感受到帽儿胡同浓厚的历史底蕴……

Mao'er Hutong, which is known for its traditional coutryard residences, used to be home to many noble and famous families and thus contain many of their stories. Despite the historical changes, you'll still be touched by its rich cultural and historical heritage while traipsing around it.